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Grammar
Notes for Dialogue 4
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Large numbers (10,000 to 100,000,000) |
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The Western system segments large numbers in groups of 3 digits:
XXX, XXX, etc. In Japan, the large numbers used to be segmented
in groups of 4 digits: XXXX, XXXX, etc. This segmentation closely
conforms to the way Japanese pronounce large numbers as shown below.
However, as the Western system of segmenting large numbers has been
adopted in Japan, the close connection between mathematical and
linguistic expressions has been lost.
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Western system
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Japanese system (old)
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1,000
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one thousand |
1000
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(いっ) せん |
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10,000
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ten thousand |
1,0000
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いち まん |
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100,000
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hundred thousand |
10,0000
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じゅう まん |
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1,000,000
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one million |
100,0000
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ひゃく まん |
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10,000,000
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ten million |
1000,0000
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いっせん まん |
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100,000,000
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hundred million |
1,0000,0000
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いち おく |
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Numberから |
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The particle から normally marks the originating point of
motion or the beginning point of time. It can also be used to refer
to the departing point from which some value changes (prices, for
example).
| ねだんは １０００円からです。 |
The price is from 1000 yen (and above). |
cf. まで can also be used to mark the ending point of change.
| ねだんは １０００円までです。 |
The price is up to 1000 yen. |
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Ａくなります (Change of states) |
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The English pattern /become + adjective/ (e.g., "become/get
old," "become/get expensive," "become/get interesting,"
etc.) can be expressed by the pattern /い-adjectiveく+ なります/
in Japanese.
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一月になって、さむく なりました。 |
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January came, and (then) it got cold. |
Compare this pattern with the pattern /な-adjective に+ なります/
or /N に+ なります/.
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田中さんは 大学をでて、きれいに なりました。 |
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After graduating from college, Ms. Tanaka became pretty. |
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田中さんは 大学をでて、先生に なりました。 |
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After graduating from college, Ms. Tanaka became a teacher. |
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田中さんは 大学をでて、いそがしく なりました。 |
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After graduating from college, Ms. Tanaka became busy. |
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